<h2>Route</h2><br>
<h3>New Haven–Old Saybrook</h3><br>
<p>The line began at the New Haven Green at the intersection of Church and Chapel Streets. It ran for two miles on trackage belonging to local lines of the Connecticut Company east on Chapel Street and then north on State Street. At Ferry Street in Fair Haven, the line shifted to its own tracks running on Middletown Avenue and Foxon Boulevard (CT-80). In East Haven the line separated from roads and ran on a private right-of-way through North Branford to the outskirts of Guilford, where it merged onto local roads to the town green and the junction with the branch to Stony Creek. East of Guilford the line ran on a short private section before following the Boston Post Road (Route 1) over the New Haven Railroad tracks and through Madison, Connecticut. It crossed the Hammonasset River on a private bridge then rejoined Route 1 into downtown Clinton. After Clinton the line stayed mostly on a private right-of-way through Westbrook until rejoining Route 1 at Saybrook Manor. It followed what is now Old Boston Post Road for a short way, then Main Street (CT-154) to downtown Old Saybrook.</p><br>
<h3>Old Saybrook–Chester</h3><br>
<p>From Old Saybrook (Saybrook Junction), the line to Chester rose onto the 330-foot concrete Fenwick Viaduct over the Valley Railroad extension to Fenwick, then onto Ragged Rock Road where the still-extant carhouse is located. The line crossed over the New Haven Railroad on a steel bridge and followed a private right of way to Ferry Street, where after 1913 connections were available over the old Baldwin Bridge to the New London and East Lyme Street Railway. From there the line ran on a private right-of-way to Essex, then over streets and a curved private way over the Valley Railroad into Centerbrook. The line followed Main Street (CT-602) to Ivoryton, then a private alignment which merged with the Middlesex Turnpike (Route 154) just south of Deep River. Trolleys ran along the turnpike through Deep River and into Chester, terminating near Ferry Street.</p><br>
<h3>Guilford–Stony Creek</h3><br>
<p>Unlike the Chester line, the branch to Stony Creek was wired at a lower voltage than the main line and was operated with different trolleys. From the Guilford green, the line ran west on Water Street (CT-146) then over a private section before turning south, crossing Water Street on the 240-foot concrete Mulberry Viaduct and the New Haven Railroad on a steel bridge. The line ran on a private alignment south through Sachems Head and then west along the shoreline through Leetes Island to Stony Creek. At Stony Creek, the line met with the Branford Electric Railway line (owned by the Connecticut Company) which ran to New Haven via East Haven proper.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Shore Line Electric Railway was chartered by the Connecticut General Assembly in 1905 and was authorized to lay tracks, build bridges, erect power poles, and to build powerhouses and trolley barns. Morton F. Plant, a railroad heir and entrepreneur, offered financial assistance, investing heavily in the railway, and eventually took control of the operation. His assistance made possible continued construction of the railway, which eventually was completed in 1910. The section north of Old Saybrook opened to Ivoryton and Deep River in 1912 and Chester in 1914.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, the SLERy made three major acquisitions. First, it leased the New London and East Lyme Street Railway and built a branch from Flanders along Route 1 and over the Connecticut River bridge to meet the main line at Saybrook.</p><br>
<p>The same year, the company purchased the Norwich and Westerly Railway system, which represented 60 miles of lines including the Norwich-Westerly line; branches from Westerly to Watch Hill, Weekapaug, and Ashaway; and the N&W-owned Groton and Stonington Street Railway and its Old Mystic branch.</p><br>
<p>Finally, the company acquired the Connecticut Companys New London division, which was disconnected from the other Connecticut Company lines. The New London division included rural main lines from New London through Norwich to North Grosvenordale (with a connection to Worcester via the Worcester Consolidated Street Railway) and from Norwich to Coventry via Willimantic; local lines in New London including a line to Ocean Beach; local lines in Norwich including a line to Yantic; and branches from Elmville to East Killingly (with a connection to Providence via the Rhode Island Companys Providence and Danielson Street Railway) and from Central Village to Moosup. This gave the Shore Line control over a network of almost 300 miles of lines, representing a monopoly on trolley service in the eastern part of the state.</p><br>
<p>After several crashes in 1917 and 1919, the SLERy went into receivership in October 1919 following a strike in July. The New London division was reacquired by the Connecticut Company; some lines like the Norwich and Westerly continued operation, but the Shore Line itself was shut down until 1923. The section east of Guilford was replaced by buses in 1928, and the whole line abandoned by 1929.</p><br>
<h2>Power House</h2><br>
<p>The Shore Line Electric Railway Power House was constructed as a coal-fueled electric powerhouse along the Connecticut River from 1908 to 1910. The riverfront location provided a source of water to cool the condensing units and enabled easy access of coal deliveries by boat. Hoppers rested on shore to</p><br>
<p>accommodate coal delivery. The Power House&#39;s primary purpose was to supply power to the Shore Line Electric Railway, though it eventually provided regional current to additional railways and bridges. At the time of its construction the Power House supplied current to the Shore Line Electric Railway and the New London and East Lyme Railway; it also furnished power for the operation of the Connecticut River Bridge, south of the Power House. The water for the boiler feed was obtained from a reservoir constructed approximately one mile west of the Power House.</p><br>
<p>The two-story, reinforced-concrete building initially consisted of two 1,500-kilowatt, 100 percent power factor, three-phase, 25-cycle vertical Curtis steam turbines. The turbines operated at 160 pounds of steam pressure and delivered 11,000 volts. The original layout of the building provided for the installation of two additional units in the future. Additionally, coal-fueled powerhouse interiors required a partially open floor plan with exposed space from floor to ceiling. The open space facilitated the use of large equipment and machinery, as well as interior hopper systems to assist movement of coal. There were three 625 H.P. Bigelow-Hornsby boilers, which operated at a working pressure of 165 pounds. The alternators generated current at 11,000 volts, three-phase, 25-cycle, which was transmitted partly along the railway company&#39;s trolley poles and partly along an independent pole line extending from the Power House to a substation in Guilford. The conductors were three #2 B. & S. hard-drawn copper wires; the total length of the transmission line was approximately 21 miles. The Power House provided electricity to the Shore Line Electric Railway for the duration of its operation.</p><br>
<p>In 1938 the Power House was sold to Whitney Stueck and Fred Sturgis, who operated the Saybrook Yacht Yard at the site through 1946. The yacht-building operation was known for its Blue Jays, a beginners competitive yacht. Sturgis served in World War II from 1943 to 1945. Upon returning, he bought out Stuecks share in the Saybrook Yacht Yard and relocated the operation to neighboring Old Lyme. Subsequently, the Power House and surrounding site became a boat repair operations between 1949 and 1961. It currently serves as a mixed-use marina and office space. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on June 20, 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Medford Free Public Library is a Carnegie library in Medford, Wisconsin, built in 1916. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The first library in Medford was a reading room in Temperance Hall, opened in 1903 and operated by the local chapter of the Womans Christian Temperance Union and the Medford Womens Club. In 1909 the reading room moved to a larger room in the same building, but it soon outgrew that space, too.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, the library board applied to the Carnegie Foundation for support in building a free-standing library with more space. The city agreed to give $600 a year to operate the library if the Carnegie Foundation would give $6000 for the new building. Architect Hans Theodore Liebert (1877-1966) of Wausau designed the building and H. A. Giles built it. In 1915 the Medford Woman&#39;s Alliance was formed to support the library. February 22, 1917 was the grand opening, with the library holding 2,221 books.</p><br>
<p>Liebert designed the building in the Prairie School style. Hallmarks of that style present in this building are the emphasis on horizontal lines, the hip roof, the stucco, and the abstract geometric patterns in the frieze.</p><br>
<p>This building served the community as a library until 1998. By the 1990s needs had again outgrown the space of the building. After debating whether to expand the existing building or construct a new library at a different site, the community decided on the latter. The Simeks gave a large contribution toward a new building, the Frances L. Simek Memorial Library was built, and 20,000 books were moved in late 1998. Since the library moved, the local Chamber of Commerce has taken up residence in the 1916 building.</p><br>
<p>The Eastholme, also known as Eastholme of the Rockies, is a historic building in Cascade, near Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1886 and in operation by 1887 as a boarding house.</p><br>
<p>It was built by a widow, Eliza Marriott Hewlett, and her sisters, Ellen and Caroline. Hewlett was from Schenectady, New York. Eliza Marriott Hewlett, the oldest of three sisters, left the state of New York for Colorado in the 1880s, and brought her two children with her to Cascade. It was quite uncommon for "ladies of leisure" to have moved to Colorado during this period; It was theorized that the women "may have come because of the publicity lent to the area by such romantic writers of the day as Helen Hunt..., who extolled the beauties of the Pikes Peak region."</p><br>
<p>Most of Cascade Canyon was homesteaded by the sisters. Caroline Marriott lived near the confluence of French and Fountain Creeks. Ellen lived beside waterfalls, "high up in the canyon" and Eliza lived at the entrance to Cascade Canyon in a log cabin. There she "entertained friends from Manitou at taffy pulls and sledding parties. Others came to the area for their health or to establish ranches. Uncommon for a woman the 1880s, Hewlett became the Cascade Town and Improvement Company&#39;s secretary. The company contributed to the cost of the development of the Pikes Peak Carriage Road and, having purchased land from the sisters in 1886 opened two larger hotels in Cascade.</p><br>
<p>The building, designed after elegant eastern hotels, had eight gables. When the railway was established through Ute Pass, there was an increase in tourism in the area and development of large resort hotels. Eastholme is the only remaining summer resort building in Cascade. The inn is a designated Ute Pass Landmark by the 1976 Bicentennial Committee.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, Eastholme was sold by Hewlett to her sister. Hewlett was, however, listed as proprietor of the hotel in 1892 and 1897 business directories. For a short period of time Eastholme was used as a sanitarium and leased as a boarding house. William Slutz bought the property in 1899. It was purchased in 1913 by Mr. and Mrs. A.S. Hewitt.</p><br>
<p>Following the closure of the Colorado Midland Railway, large hotels "would disappear in the 1920s." Over time, though, Eastholme was able to survive and continues to operate as a source of lodging.</p><br>
<p>During the 1920s many tourists began to travel by car, rather than train. Eastholme accommodated the travelers, as well as racers in the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb.</p><br>
<p>It was operated by Mrs. Hewitt, after the death of her husband in 1919, until 1940 when it was sold to Mrs. Stanley Eastham. Between 1913 and 1940, the Hewitts added an extension to the house, constructed cottages and named the building the "East Home Hotel". The Jacobsons purchased the building in 1970 and operated as a boarding house throughout the year. In 1988, they converted it to a bed and breakfast. It was sold to Teresha Thompson in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Ute Pass summer resorts</h2><br>
<p>The Colorado Midland Railway provided service from Old Colorado City, then Colorado City, west through Ute Pass. Communities were developed for people seeking summer respite. In the 1880s, there were also people in the Cascade Canyon area that ran businesses delivering supplies via mule trains to the Leadville and Cripple Creek mining towns.</p><br>
<p>The Cascade Canyon House was opened by the Cascade Town Company in 1887 and The Ramona House, "the towns centerpiece", was opened in 1891. Thousands of tourists traveled along the Pikes Peak Carriage Road up to Pikes Peaks summit. It was opened by the Cascade Town Company in 1888 and closed in 1902.</p><br>
<p>Ute Park, now Chipita, Green Mountain Falls, and Crystola were also developed in this time period.</p><br>
<h2>Bed and breakfast inn</h2><br>
<p>The bed and breakfast inn, now called Eastholme in the Rockies, It has 2 cottages, 2 suites and 4 guest rooms. Fireplaces are in each room, and bathrooms are in each cottage or room, except the 2 guest rooms on the third floor. Shared space includes a large porch spans the width of the front of the building, spacious dining room and parlor, and a backyard brick patio. The inn&#39;s gazebo may be used for events, such as weddings. It is furnished with turn-of-the-century antiques and a piano in the inn since the late 19th-century. It is a member of the Bed and Breakfast Innkeepers of Colorado.</p><br>
<p>Some of the inn&#39;s recipes are published in the Tasting Colorado: Favorite Recipes from the Centennial State book by Michele Morris. It was featured in the January, 2003 issue of Country Magazine.</p><br>
<h2>Ghost</h2><br>
<p>The ghost of a young woman in a tea-length, red satin dress is said to have been seen in the inn. The inn is also said to have experienced supernatural events when no one is visible, such as notes being played on the piano, electrical equipment being manipulated, the name "Grace" being whispered, and the sound of footsteps.</p><br>
<h2>Notable guests</h2><br>
<p>Before they were married, Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower stayed at the inn, as did her parents, the Douds, from Denver. The Douds stayed at Eastholme on many occasions. Racers in the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb stayed at inn in the 1920s. They "soaked the wooden wheels in barrels in the yard."</p><br>
<p>Santillane is a historic home located near Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built in 1795, and consists of a two-story high, three bay by four bay, main block with a one-story, rear kitchen wing. It is constructed of brick and is in the Greek Revival style. The house has a shallow hipped roof and tetrastyle two-story front portico dated to the early 20th century. Also on the property is a contributing stone spring house. The house stands on a tract purchased by Colonel George Hancock  in 1795. The kitchen wing may date to his period of ownership.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Prospect Hill, also known as Prospect and Gray&#39;s Folly, is a historic home near Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia. Built in 1837–1838, it is a -story, single-pile, wood frame I-house dwelling in the Federal style, with a one-story brick kitchen wing. It is sheathed in flush boarding and covered by a pedimented gable roof. The front facade features a two-level pedimented portico on slender Tuscan order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Wheatland Manor is a historic home located near Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia. Built circa 1820, it is a two-story, five-bay, brick, center passage plan I-house dwelling with interior Federal style detailing. It has a two-level Greek Revival style porch and two-story brick ell dated to the 1850s. Attached to the ell is a one-story frame kitchen wing. Also on the property are a contributing retaining wall, site of a terraced garden, ruins of an ice house, and foundation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Breckinridge Mill, also known as Howells Mill and Breckinridge Mill Complex, is a historic grist mill complex located near Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia. The mill was built about 1822, and is a -story, brick structure. The mill was converted to apartments in 1977. Associated with the mill are two contributing wood-frame, late 19th-century sheds. Also associated with the mill is the millers or Howell house. It was built about 1900, and is a two-story, Queen Anne style frame structure with a T-plan and gabled roof. The mill was built for James Breckinridge  and replaced an earlier mill erected by him in 1804.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with a boundary increase in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Nininger&#39;s Mill, also known as Tinker Mill, is a historic gristmill located near Daleville, Botetourt County, Virginia. The mill was built about 1847, and is a three-story, brick structure with a gable roof. Wood-frame additions added in the 20th century, are found on the north and east walls. Also on the property is a contributing simple one-story, wood-frame late 19th-century house. The mill was converted to a restaurant in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Callie Furnace is a historic iron furnace located near Glen Wilton, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built as a hot-blast charcoal furnace around 1873–1874, and subsequently enlarged and converted into a coke furnace. In 1883, the stack was raised an additional five feet, and a tuyere was added. Callie Furnace went out of blast in 1884.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Fossil Public School, also known as Wheeler County Public School, is a historic Classical Revival style school in Fossil, Oregon, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<p>Built in 1924, it was designed by architects DeYoung and Roald of Portland and served all grades until 1949, when ninth through twelfth were moved to the new Wheeler High School.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the NRHP on May 22, 2013</p><br>
<p>The current Fossil Elementary School has about 50 students in kindergarten through eighth grades.</p><br>
<p>Varney&#39;s Falls Dam is a historic lock and dam structure located on the James River near Gilmore Mills, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built in 1851, and is a massive limestone structure. The lock chamber measures 100 feet long between gate recesses, 15 feet wide, and approximately 21 feet from the top on the upriver end to ground level. Associated with the lock are the lock and dam abutment structures, the remaining towpaths, canal bed, berm bank, towpath culvert and remnants of a towpath bridge. The dam was destroyed in 1881, and the lock gates removed in 1885.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is part of the James River and Kanawha Canal Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Phoenix Bridge is a historic metal trapezoidal Whipple truss railroad bridge spanning Craig Creek near Eagle Rock, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built in 1887 by the Phoenix Bridge Company of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. It consists of rolled wrought iron "Phoenix post" compression members and round and rectangular tension rods with pinned joints. It includes a cast panel embellished with anthemions and garlands, small urn-like finials, and quatrefoils and trefoils.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The First Commercial Bank in Odell, Nebraska, also known as Old West Trails Center and located at 301 Main Street, is a historic building that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1885 of ashlar blocks from local limestone, and has a pressed metal cornice. In 2007, it served as Odells visitors center.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant "for activities important to the community&#39;s</p><br>
<p>commerce and economy during Odell&#39;s earliest period of settlement, growth, and development" and "for its association with James D. Myers, who was instrumental in the founding of the village of Odell."</p><br>
<p>Summit County Courthouse,  located at 209 South High Street, Akron, Ohio was designed in the Second Renaissance Style by Cleveland architect J. Milton Dyer. The seated figures of Justice and Law were created by Cleveland sculptor Herman Matzen. Two powerful lions guard the South High Street side of the building.</p><br>
<p>Dyer, a well known Cleveland, Ohio architect also worked with Cleveland sculptor Matzen again on the Lake County Courthouse, located in Painesville, Ohio, 1909.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Berg House is a historic house located at the intersection of Mariposa and Davis Streets in Round Mountain, Nevada, United States. The house was built from 1914 to 1915 by William H. Berg. Berg built the house with concrete blocks, a popular building material at the time due to their cheapness and durability. The house&#39;s root cellar, which Berg built to store produce from his ranch, was built with glass bottles embedded in concrete. The property also includes an addition and an ice house. Berg, who was one of the first residents of Round Mountain, lived in the house until his death.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Joel McCrea Ranch in Thousand Oaks, California is also known as the August DuMortier Ranch. The ranch is a rare surviving example of the large cattle ranches and fields of grain which once dotted the Santa Rosa and Conejo valleys in eastern Ventura County.</p><br>
<p>Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, the site includes eight contributing buildings and four contributing structures on over 220 acre. One surviving building dates from 1890 from August DuMortiers ranch; the main house, an avocado-shaped pool, and a cabana/poolhouse were built in 1933; a maids residence and various other contributing and non-contributing buildings date from later.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ranch is historically significant for its association with actor Joel McCrea, a major star in the movie industry. The main house and some other buildings are also significant works of architect John Byers; according to the NRHP nomination:Byers was a prominent regional architect, best known for his adobe and Spanish Colonial Revival designs. The Joel McCrea ranch house is a rare and very successful departure from Byers&#39; usual period revivalism into the realm of the informal California Ranch style, just emerging in Southern California.</p><br>
<p>The ranch is at the bottom of the Norwegian Grade, a road built by settlers around 1900. The Norwegian Colony, at the north end of the Conejo Valley, needed a safe route to transport bales of hay and sacks of wheat and barley to the Oxnard Plain. This road allowed grain bound for San Francisco and England pass down the Santa Rosa Valley to the Hueneme Wharf.</p><br>
<p>The McCreas donated several hundred acres of the ranch to the newly formed Conejo Valley YMCA for the city of Thousand Oaks, California, both of which celebrated their 40th anniversaries in 2004. The Conejo Recreation and Park District took ownership of the ranch in 2004.</p><br>
<p>John Thomas Wilder built several houses for his family and wife, Martha Jane Stewart, which are still in existence, and at least two have historic markers.</p><br>
<p>The John T. Wilder House in Roan Mountain, Tennessee, United States, was one of the homes of John T. Wilder, the Union Army general and industrialist who built the Cloudland Hotel on Roan Mountain. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is one of two homes on Main Street in Roan Mountain that Wilder built.</p><br>
<p>The General John T. Wilder House in Knoxville is another of Wilder&#39;s homes that is listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Another house is located in Greensburg, Indiana. See.</p><br>
<p>Greenfield, also known as Col. William Preston Plantation, Preston House, and Botetourt Center at Greenfield, is a historic plantation site located at Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia. The first plantation established by surveyor, militia officer and burgess William Preston  and which used enslaved labor beginning with his purchase of 16 Africans from the ship True Blue on August 28, 1759 in Nanjemoy, Maryland for 752pounds , Greenfield became one of Botetourt County&#39;s largest plantations, encompassing more than 1,200 acres by the 1770s. In 1774 Col. Preston moved his family to another plantation, Smithfield, and a series of white overseers managed the farm, orchard and distillery at Greenfield.</p><br>
<p>Because fire had destroyed the plantation house in 1959, and the only remaining historic buildings were kitchen/quarters (c. 1832) and saddlebag slave dwelling (c. 1850), which were moved to the Bowyer-Holladay House nearby, although listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011, Greenfield was delisted in January 2022.</p><br>
<p>Hobson&#39;s Choice is an historic home located near Alberta, Brunswick County, Virginia. It was built in the Palladian style about 1794 by Dr. Richard Feild for his bride Ann Meade, on land the groom bought from his father-in-law. The</p><br>
<p>Edinburgh educated physician also had considerable knowledge of botany and astronomy, edited The Intelligencer and Petersburg Commercial Advertiser, and three times served as a Presidential elector. Although Feild died in 1829, the plantation stayed in the family until 1870.</p><br>
<p>The one-story brick structure has a central pavilion with flanking wings connected by hyphens in a late-Georgian style. A stone addition was built about 1860, a brick room added in 1947, and a frame enclosed porch about 1953.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Brick House, also known as Woodlands, is a historic plantation house located at White Plains, Brunswick County, Virginia. It was built about 1831–1833, and began as a two-story, brick I-house. It was remodeled in 1860, with the addition of the massive hexastyle portico covering the entire front facade. Also on the property is a contributing 19th-century outbuilding connected to the main house by a covered walkway.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Mason–Tillett House, also known as Rock Hill, Masons, Longs Farm, and Brunswick Plantation, is a historic plantation house at Valentines, Brunswick County, Virginia. Built about 1780, it is a T-shaped, two-story frame structure with a -story addition added about 1832. The front facade features a two-story pedimented porch. The interior features exceptional surviving grained and marbleized woodwork.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Gholson Bridge is a historic metal Pratt truss bridge spanning the Meherrin River near Lawrenceville, Brunswick County, Virginia. It was built in 1884 by the Wrought Iron Bridge Company. It consists of two spans. One span is 84 ft long and the second is 100 ft. It sits on an ashlar sandstone substructure.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Brunswick County Courthouse Square is a historic county courthouse complex and national historic district located at Lawrenceville, Brunswick County, Virginia. It encompasses four contributing buildings and two contributing objects. They are the courthouse building, a clerks office, library, jail, Confederate war monument, and a simple granite slab monument commemorating the countys veterans of World War I to the Vietnam War. Together they constitute a classic Southern courthouse square. The courthouse was built in 1854–55, as</p><br>
<p>a two-story, gable-roofed rectangular brick building in the Greek Revival style. In 1939, a rear brick addition was completed, creating a T-shaped plan. The clerk&#39;s office is a two-story brick building built in 1893, with rear additions built in 1924 and 1939. The library was built in 1941.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is located in the Lawrenceville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Lawrenceville Historic District is a national historic district located at Lawrenceville, Brunswick County, Virginia. It encompasses 326 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 3 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Lawrenceville. Notable buildings include Saint Andrews Episcopal Church , Lawrenceville Methodist Church, and Lawrenceville Baptist Church . Located in the district and separately listed are the Brunswick County Courthouse Square and Saint Pauls College.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Church Home for Aged, Infirm and Disabled Colored People is a historic hospital building for African Americans located at Brodnax, Brunswick County, Virginia. It was built in 1881–1883, and is a three-story, 6,000-square-foot wood-frame structure with horizontal lapped weatherboard walls and a slate clipped-gable roof. Also on the property are a contributing hospital supervisor&#39;s residence and smokehouse. The house is now used as a bed and breakfast establishment.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls School, also known as St. Pauls Chapel School, is a historic Rosenwald school building for African Americans located at Meredithville, Brunswick County, Virginia. It was built in 1920, and is a one-room school measuring approximately 20 feet by 40 feet. It is of wood-frame construction, sheathed in un-beaded weatherboards, and covered by a standing seam metal roof.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Chellowe is a historic plantation house located on county route 623 in Buckingham County, Virginia. The main house was built about 1820 and modified about 1840. It is a two-story, three part, frame dwelling with Gothic Revival and Classical Revival style detailing. It features a two-story tetrastyle portico with Chippendale railings. Also on the property are a contributing kitchen, office , and garden terraces developed in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Woodside is a historic plantation house located at Buckingham, Buckingham County, Virginia. The main house was built about 1860, and is a two-story, five-bay, T-shaped frame dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It consists of a projecting three-bay, pedimented pavilion with flanking one-bay, hip-roofed wings. It has a hipped roof and is sheathed in weatherboard siding. In 1937 a kitchen wing was added to the rear elevation of the dwelling. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse , a covered well and the sites of an icehouse, kitchen, dairy, and corncrib.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Bryn Arvon and Gwyn Arvon are two historic homes located at Arvonia, Buckingham County, Virginia. They were built about 1891–1892, and are two slate-covered Queen Anne style dwellings. Also on the property are a contributing garage, water tower, barn, two entrance piers, the site of a house foundation, a pump house, and a storage building.</p><br>
<p>The houses were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Stanton Family Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Buckingham County, Virginia. It is an African-American rural cemetery with approximately 36 burials. The graves are marked with headstones and footstones of irregularly shaped slabs of local Buckingham slate. The stones mark the graves of at least four generations of the Stanton family.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Buckingham Courthouse Historic District is a historic county courthouse complex and national historic district located at Buckingham, Buckingham County, Virginia. It encompasses 10 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object. The courthouse building was built in 1873, and is a two-story temple-form Greek Revival style building fronted by a pedimented tetrastyle Doric order portico. It replaced an earlier courthouse designed by Thomas Jefferson and built between 1822 and 1824, but burned down in 1869. Also included in the district is the former Buckingham Tavern, former Buckingham Inn, the Leach House, the Presbyterian manse, the Masonic Hall, a brick house called West View, the Trinity Presbyterian Church , and Confederate monument.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute Historic District is a historic school complex and national historic district located at Gravel Hill, Buckingham County, Virginia. It is now on private property.</p><br>
<p>In 1831, Samuel Shepard and Dr. John Wesley Langhorne organized Trustees of the Female Collegiate Institute to establish the first charted college for women in Virginia. This collegiate institute, which operated from 1837 to 1863, encompassed five contributing buildings associated with it. They are of brick and frame construction:</p><br>
<p>the President&#39;s House (c. 1852-1853), which was demolished by the landowner in 2010, over objections from the local historical society, after it was damaged by falling trees; the owner claimed that repairs to the structure would be too costly.</p><br>
<p>the Henry James Brown House,</p><br>
<p>the John S. West store/dwelling,</p><br>
<p>the Institute Tavern (c. 1850), and</p><br>
<p>the Cobb-West-England House (c. 1850).</p><br>
<p>In 1837, the Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute was incorporated by the Virginia General Assembly. The college opened in 1838 to provide accommodations for 120 students. Students were offered degrees in either Mistress of English Literature or Mistress of Classic Literature. The college struggled financially and finally closed its doors in 1863.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Antonia Ford (1838-1871)</p><br>
<p>Julia A. Wood (1840-1927), writer</p><br>
<p>The Farmers State Bank, at 601 Main in Adams, Nebraska, was built in 1908. It served as a bank from 1908 to 1936 and then served as a post office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant architecturally "as a good example of a small town bank, a characteristic type in Nebraska", having "two facades that displayed fine materials and dignified styling", and was judged to be the best surviving early 20th century commercial structure in Adams.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the building was used as a dentist&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>Altavista Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Altavista, Campbell County, Virginia. It encompasses 48 contributing buildings in the central business district of Altavista. Notable buildings include the Altavista Municipal Building , USA Post Office , Altavista Presbyterian Church , Central Baptist Church , Southern Railway station , Ogden-Henderson Building , First National Bank  by Stanhope Johnson , Leggett&#39;s department store , and Vista Theater .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Brookneal Historic District is a national historic district located at Brookneal, Campbell County, Virginia. It encompasses 105 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Brookneal. Most buildings date to the period spanning from 1875 to 1925. Notable buildings include the Lewis Andrew Pick Birthplace, Callaway-Smith House, Henderson Funeral Home, Staunton River Lodge #155 AF&AM, Brookneal Drug Store , N.I. Walthall & Son Department Store, Myers Department Store, Hotel Brookneal , Bank of Brookneal  by McLaughlin Pettit & Johnson, and Brookneal Community Building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Avoca, also known as Avoca Museum, is a historic home located near Altavista, Campbell County, Virginia. It was designed by Lynchburg Architect, John Minor Botts Lewis and built in 1901, after the original and second dwellings were destroyed by fire in 1879 and 1900. It is a large -story, asymmetrical, wood-frame residence in the Queen Anne style. It has a hipped roof and features a tower and verandah. Also on the property are a contributing -story brick kitchen, a wood-frame smokehouse, tenants house and office, and family cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Property and family history</h2><br>
<p>Avoca was originally the private residence of Colonel Charles Lynch (1736–1796). He established his home here in 1755 as part of a land grant from King George II of Great Britain to his father, in 1740, and called it Green Level. Colonel Charles Lynch was a planter and distinguished himself as a lawmaker and soldier during the turbulent times of the American Revolution era. The term "Lynch&#39;s Law" (which became "lynching") may derive from his name, although he did not practice lynching in the later, murderous sense of the word.</p><br>
<p>The property was passed down through the Lynch family and upon the death of Charles Henry Lynch (1800–1875), the property went to his niece, Mary Anna Dearing Fauntleroy. Her grandson, Dr. Lindley Murray Winston, deeded the property to the Town of Altavista in 1981 as a memorial to his family.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Avoca Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Avoca property is maintained as a historical museum. The collection, displays, programs and interpretations are planned to take account of the cultural and natural history of the region. The property is used for education and recreational purposes and serves the people of the greater Altavista area.</p><br>
<p>Because the house was unoccupied since the mid-1970s, there was need for interior repair before it could be opened to the public. In the meantime, the small Staunton River Valley Museum was opened weekends in the brick kitchen. Prior to its opening, the kitchen, exterior painting of the main house, and seed money were provided by $15,000 grants from E. R. English and Abbott Laboratories.</p><br>
<p>Gradually, through the generosity of benefactors and hard work of volunteers, one room at a time in the main house was stabilized. Gifts of furniture enhanced the revitalization efforts and in 1986 Avoca opened for tours. Due to the growth of the museum, a need for increased fund-raising, and more volunteer involvement, a historical society was founded in 1987. At this time the Staunton River Valley Museum became Avoca Museum and Historical Society and Rusty Hicks served as its first president.</p><br>
<p>In 1991 an administrator was hired to oversee issues dealing with current policies, operations, facilities and programs, member recruitment, hiring a director to manage day-to-day operations (hired in 1995), and the feasibility of acquiring or constructing storage, exhibition, and administrating offices.</p><br>
<p>1991 and 1992 were a watershed for Avoca. The Lane Company, in collaboration with Country Living Magazine, refurbished the main house. Donations of furniture by the Lane Company, fabrics, window treatments, and accessories transformed the house. National and local media coverage expanded visitation and Avoca enjoyed a successful year.</p><br>
<p>A five-year campaign was launched in 1995 to restore the exterior of the house, rehabilitate the farm office, and expand the school and community outreach programs. Grants were awarded to Avoca by the Commonwealth of Virginia and the Town of Altavista for $30,000 each. The Timken Foundation of Canton provided $85,000 toward the restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Annual Harvest Jubilee & Wine Festival</h2><br>
<p>Held each fall at the Avoca Museum, this festival includes many vineyards from the local area and has grown larger over the past few years. Some wineries that participate are Rebec, Hickory Hills, Tomahawk, Gabriele Rausse, Stonewall, and Peaks of Otter.</p><br>
<p>Campbell County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse located at Rustburg, Campbell County, Virginia. It was built in 1848–1849, and is a two-story T-shaped, brick building in the Greek Revival style. It features a pedimented portico with four unfluted Doric order columns. It has a standing-seam metal cross-gable roof with octagonal cupola.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Green Hill is a historic plantation house and national historic district located near Long Island, Campbell County, Virginia. The main house is a two-story, five-bay, brick structure with a gable roof, modillioned cornice and two interior end chimneys. The one-story rear ell was built about 1800. The interior features fine woodwork. Also on the property are a contributing frame outbuilding with a partially enclosed shed porch, a brick duck house, an ice house, a kitchen, stone laundry, a frame slave quarters, frame kitchen with stone chimney, mounting block, two log barns, the ruins of a rather large stone stable, and a large tobacco barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Coman House is a historic house located in Trempealeau, Wisconsin. It is locally significant as the best example of the Italianate style in the village. It was the first brick house built in the community.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Helen Coman purchased the house in 1862 at which time no structured existed on the lot. The house, built sometime between 1865 and 1870, is a two-story, brick rectangular structure designed in the Italianate style with a -story wing. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It was added to the State Register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Its hipped roof is surmounted by a cupola, which has paired brackets and pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The Ridge Avenue Historic District in Galesville, Wisconsin is a 5 acre historic district which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The district was added for its architectural importance; it features buildings with Italian, Queen Anne, and other architectural styles dated between 1859 and 1934. The John F. Cance House is located near the district at 807 West Ridge Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The finest three Queen Anne-style houses in the district are:</p><br>
<p>W.S. Wadleigh House (1908), 625 W. Ridge Ave., a two-story asymmetrical house with a round turret with a conical roof, with two octagonal bay windows, and with a wraparound porch. It was built for W.S. Wadleigh, a lawyer and nine-times mayor of Galesville.</p><br>
<p>Ole F. Myhre House, 612 W. Ridge Ave., a two and one-half story house, also with a turret having a conical roof, with gable ends with bargeboards, with a contributing carriage house. It was built for Ole F. Myhre, co-founder of the successful Gilbertson-Myhre department store downtown.</p><br>
<p>John A. Berg House (1914), 524 W. Ridge Ave., a two-and-a-half-story red brick Queen Anne-eclectic style house with Craftsman and Jacobean influences. This was built for John A. Berg, "founder of the Galesville Building and Realty Company, Director of the Farmers and Merchants Bank, local politician, and one-time president of the Gale College Board of Trustees."</p><br>
<p>Edgeplain, also known as the Arthur House, is a historic building used as a dormitory on the Colorado College campus in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Arthur House was built by Lyman Bass, a successful attorney who partnered with Grover Cleveland and worked for William Jackson Palmer&#39;s Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. Later it was home to Chester Alan Arthur II, son of President Chester A. Arthur.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Bass residence</h3><br>
<p>Lyman K. Bass hired architect A.C. Williard to design a home in 1881. Bass was an attorney in practice with Grover Cleveland and a USA Representative in the state of New York. In 1874, Bass married Frances Metcalfe of Buffalo. He moved to Colorado Springs in the hope of improving his health after contracting tuberculosis. (See Tuberculosis treatment in Colorado Springs). While in the city he became an attorney for Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, General William Jackson Palmer&#39;s company.</p><br>
<p>Williard built a Tudor Revival home, lying alongside an undeveloped prairie. The couple named it "Edgeplain". It cost $115,000 to build. It featured distinctive stonework, with different colors and finishes, such as pecked and vermiculated masonry dressings. Tinted mortar was used between sandstone blocks of different sizes. Inside, John LaFarge designed jeweled glass, tiled fireplaces and opulent paneling. The couple entertained singers and musicians.</p><br>
<p>Bass died in New York City in May 1889. Francis sold the home following her husband&#39;s death. It was owned by several people before it was purchased by Chester Alan Arthur and his wife.</p><br>
<h3>Arthur residence</h3><br>
<p>Between 1901 and 1922, the home belonged to Chester Alan Arthur II, son of President Chester A. Arthur. He was called "the Prince of Washington" for the way he made the most of being the son of the President. He attended receptions and used the presidential yacht and car. After attending Princeton University, he studied law at Columbia University. After his graduation he went to Europe and stayed there for 10 years before he took the bar examination. He married wealthy divorcee Myra Fithian Andrews in May 1900 in Switzerland. Like Lyman Bass, Arthur and his bride came to Colorado for his health in October 1900. He had asthma and bronchitis. His health improved in the Colorado climate. He was made president of Cheyenne Mountain Country Club. Polo became a favored sport as the result of top polo players to the area. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt came to Colorado Springs, had dinner at Edgeplain and attended a polo match during his 1901 visit.</p><br>
<p>After Alan Arthur and his wife Myra purchased the home, they had it expanded and remodeled by Thompson Hetherington and Walter Douglas, prominent local architects who built Colorado College residential halls. Their home was "one of the outstanding meetings places of the social leaders from Colorado Springs and Denver.</p><br>
<h3>Subsequent residents</h3><br>
<p>Oklahoma businessman Joseph Abraham bought the furnished house in 1922 as a summer home for him and his wife Fannie for $30,000. Between 1926 and 1927 the Phi Delta Theta fraternity inhabited the house.</p><br>
<p>Abraham died and Fannie sold the house to John Shaver in 1929. He was owner of a department store chain from Minnesota to Washington and Oregon and sold his interests in 1927 to J. C. Penney Company. John worked until 1943. His wife Charlotte was a gardener and studied painting. Both Shavers died in 1960. Their daughters sold the house to Colorado College in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>Colorado College</h2><br>
<p>Colorado College bought the house and used it as a men&#39;s dormitory. Later it became coed. The dorm lies on the western part of the campus and is home to about 20 students housed in rooms for 1, 2 or 3 people. It combines living, kitchen and recreational space.</p><br>
<p>Bruce-Monroe Elementary School at Park View is a bilingual elementary school in Washington, D.C. Named after Blanche Bruce and James Monroe, it has been located in the historic Park View School in the city&#39;s Park View neighborhood since 2008. It is part of the District of Columbia Public Schools.</p><br>
<h2>Park View School</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Snowden Ashford in 1916. It was listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on May 24, 2012, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 2013. The school continues to serve the community as an elementary school.</p><br>
<p>The origin of the school can be traced back to the efforts of the Park View Citizens Association and their persistent appeal to Congress for funds to purchase the land and build a school for the white children in their growing neighborhood. Ashford designed the school in his preferred style of Collegiate Gothic. Unusual for an elementary school, Ashfords design included a dedicated auditorium with a notable wooden truss that supports the auditorium roof.</p><br>
<p>Originally a 16-room structure, the school quickly became too small for the needs of the community. In 1920 the progressive platoon school model was adopted, unique in Washington, which helped address the schools space problem. In 1929, 57 Park View students went on strike to protest the school districts attempt to shift enrollment to the Monroe School, in part because of the "gradual encroachment of the colored population on the Monroe School area."</p><br>
<p>In 1931, two new wings were added to the building to again provide room for the growing enrollment.</p><br>
<h2>Blanche Kelso Bruce Elementary School</h2><br>
<p>The Blanche K. Bruce School was an all-black school and community center during the Jim Crow era. In July 1898, the District of Columbia public school trustees ordered that a then new public school building on Marshall Street be named the Bruce School in his honor. The Bruce School building was designed by architect William M. Poindexter in Renaissance Revival style of red brick with stone and pressed metal trim, with two floors of four rooms each. In 1927, a Colonial Revival style eight-room annex was constructed, designed by architect Albert L. Harris.</p><br>
<p>Marshall Street later became Kenyon Street. The Bruce School building became the charter Caesar Chavez Prep Middle School in 2009, named for the Mexican-American labor organizer Cesar Chavez. After the teachers unionized in 2017, the school was closed by the Chavez Schools in 2019.</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a D.C. historic site on November 20, 2014, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>James Monroe Elementary School</h2><br>
<p>Opened in 1889 as an all-white school, the James Monroe School was switched to an all-black school in 1931 as the neighborhood&#39;s racial makeup changed and white enrollment declined. It was razed in 1971, with the exception of its auditorium, to make way for the integrated Bruce-Monroe Elementary School.</p><br>
<h2>Bruce-Monroe Elementary School</h2><br>
<p>In 1969, Congress appropriated funds to construct the Bruce-Monroe school to replace the Bruce and Monroe Schools; construction began in 1971. In the fall of 1972, the Bruce-Monroe Elementary School opened on Georgia Avenue in Park View north of Howard University as an integrated school with an open-space classroom design.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Bruce-Monroe Elementary School was relocated from Georgia Avenue to the Park View School campus. The former building, including the historic Monroe auditorium, was razed in 2009. Following local activism to resist the construction of a parking lot, the school&#39;s former location became the Bruce Monroe Community Park and Garden in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Echo School, located at 3441 S. Echo Rd., in Echo, Utah is a historic two-room schoolhouse that was built in 1914 and used as a school into the 1940s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It&#39;s a one-story building with a hipped roof in a rural setting. The building was moved to make way for a highway developed in 1955; it was then placed on a concrete foundation and otherwise improved. It was then used for community functions and as a Veterans of Foreign Wars meeting hall. It was used less in those ways from about 1970 on.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant in 1997 as Echo&#39;s only surviving purpose-built school.</p><br>
<p>The Tonopah Main Post Office, also known as US Post Office&ndash;Tonopah Main, is the main post office in Tonopah, Nevada. Built in 1941, the post office was the first and only federally constructed post office in the city. The post office was designed in a Starved Classical style typical of federal buildings of the era. The government began planning the post office in 1937, and its site was chosen in 1940. The buildings cornerstone was laid in May 1941; a civic ceremony and parade marked the occasion. The post office opened for business on December 7, 1941, the same day as the attack on Pearl Harbor. In addition to serving as Tonopahs post office, the building also houses government offices in its basement.</p><br>
<p>The post office was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1990.</p><br>
<p>Oak Grove is a historic plantation house located near Altavista, Campbell County, Virginia. It was built in stages between the 1750s and 1833. The oldest section is a two-story dog-trot log structure built around 1750. The house was enlarged in 1784, and completed around 1833 by adding a west wing. It is a two-story, three bay structure containing a large hall and a parlor on the first floor and a stair hall and two bedrooms on the second in the Federal style. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse, a slave quarter, a grain shed, a hay barn, and a privy as well as the remains of a kitchen and an icehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Caryswood is a historic home located near Evington, Campbell County, Virginia. It was built about 1855 and is a two-story frame building in an “L” configuration, covered by a low, hipped roof. It has a two-story, rear addition, with a one-story kitchen extension. The house is covered in flush  siding, which creates a regular, smooth, somewhat monolithic appearance. The house features Italianate and Greek Revival decorative details. On this property, you will find an 1856 stable, the remains of an icehouse, a smokehouse, and an office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Federal Hill is a three part, Palladian-type dwelling constructed in 1782 and located in Campbell County, Virginia. The original owner of Federal Hill, James Steptoe, served as the second clerk of Bedford County from 1772 to 1826. In addition to fifty-four years of service as the Clerk of Bedford County, Steptoe also remained a lifelong friend of Thomas Jefferson. Furthermore, Jeffersons unique, Palladian architectural influence can be observed in Steptoes Federal Hill. Following Steptoe&#39;s death in 1826, Federal Hill continued to be occupied by the Steptoe family until 1850 when it was sold to the Carter Family of Fredericksburg. Today, the structure remains in private ownership as an occupied residence.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Analysis</h2><br>
<p>Federal Hills plan is modeled after 18th century Palladian architecture adapted to Virginias three part house style. The main building consists of a -story, wood-frame, weatherboarded structure with a pedimented gable roof. The main entrance to the structure is located on the west elevation. The entrance consists of the original paneled double doors framed by a two-part architrave trim. Sheltering the main entrance is a two-tier pedimented portico. The present two-tiered, pedimented portico reflects a 1930s rebuilding.</p><br>
<p>On the first floor, an entry hall and the main stair frame the entrance to the building. The first floor also contains a rear assembly hall, a flanking parlor, and a dining room. The assembly hall is the most elaborate room in the house, featuring a double-paneled wainscot and a molded chair rail. Additionally, the assembly hall is framed by a dentiled cornice that runs the perimeter of the room. The dining room and the parlor also contain similar, elaborate patterns with dentil cornice running the perimeter of the rooms and a Federal-style mantel ornamenting the fireplace. The doors and windows of the lower floor are framed by molded architraves. In 1955–1956, a brick kitchen was added to the structure.</p><br>
<p>The second floor is lined by two hallways, one running north and south and the other east and west. A myriad of bedrooms is located on the second floor that are simpler in style than the lower level. The hallways and bedchambers are lined with wainscoting topped by molded chair rails. The second-floor mantels have plain architrave and the architrave in the halls are similar to the first floor architraves.</p><br>
<p>Federal Hill rests on a small hill against the rolling countryside of Campbell county. An early clerk&#39;s office remains south of the main house. This building was presumably built by James Steptoe in 1772 following his appointment to the position of county clerk. The physical features of the office are as follows: a -story, wood-frame, weatherboarded building covered by a gable roof with an exterior brick chimney laid in Flemish bond with rodded joints. In the 20th century, a smokehouse was added to the property, east of the main building.</p><br>
<h2>Historical background</h2><br>
<p>James Steptoe was born at Hominy Hall, Westmoreland County, on July 16, 1750. When he was around twenty years old, Steptoe attended the College of William and Mary; at this location, Steptoe became acquainted with Thomas Jefferson. The friendship formed during their college days would grow to last a lifetime. Under Jefferson&#39;s influence, Secretary of the Colony Thomas Nelson appointed Steptoe as the second clerk of Bedford County on January 17, 1772.</p><br>
<p>Despite Steptoe&#39;s appointment, the social conditions and sparsely settled wilderness of Bedford county prompted Steptoe to seek another appointment to a more settled region. Frederick Johnston explains in Memorials of Old Virginia Clerks that "the population was sparse, and the people plain and generally uneducated—a very different state of society from that which James Steptoe had been accustomed to." For this reason, Steptoe beseeched his friend Jefferson to find him a new position. Jefferson, however, urged Steptoe to remain in Virginia, assuring him that the state would improve and that he would be spending more time in the area (Jefferson had recently purchased Poplar Forest). Steptoe remained in Bedford County and became a respected member of the local community. In 1781, Steptoe married Frances Callaway, the daughter of Col. James Callaway. The Nomination Form for the National Register of Historic Places for Federal Hill reports that "marriage must have made life on the frontier more agreeable to Steptoe, since shortly thereafter he was engaged in building a new dwelling house for his bride." This dwelling would become known as Federal Hill.</p><br>
<p>The Palladian style of Federal Hill represents a tangible effect of Jeffersons influence on Steptoe. Additionally, Federal Hill is constructed of wood, rather than brick - the material advocated by Jefferson. After their college days, Jefferson and Steptoe continued to correspond through letters for nearly thirty years. Additional evidence of the strong friendship shared between the two gentlemen is contained within a portrait of Steptoe which also displays a portrait of Jefferson in the background. Federal Hills most distinguished visitor was Thomas Jefferson, who visited the location several times according to their correspondence.</p><br>
<p>In 1826, James Steptoe died at the age of seventy-six. Federal Hill passes to his eldest son, James C. Steptoe who also succeeded his father as clerk of Bedford County from February 1820 to October 1827. James Steptoe was survived by nine children, five sons and four daughters.</p><br>
<h2>Calloway-Steptoe Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The property of Federal Hill is also home to the Calloway-Steptoe Cemetery, which serves as the final resting place for several prominent area settlers and their descendants. Col. William Calloway is buried at this location, along with his son-in-law James Steptoe. The plot covers one fourth of an acre of ground and is surrounded by a four-foot wall. A large portion of the graves are marked with marble stone.</p><br>
<p>Shady Grove is a historic home located near Gladys, Campbell County, Virginia. It was built in 1825, and is a -story, brick Federal-style farmhouse with a gable roof. The house has double-pile, center-passage plan. The house was built by Paulina Cabell Henry on land inherited from her father, Dr. George Cabell of Point of Honor, Lynchburg, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Walnut Hill is a historic home located in Campbell County, Virginia. The building is notable mainly for its Georgian architecture and its many structures. Its architectural significance is from the original building and frame remaining. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The land was initially owned by the Clark family, who obtained it by a land grant from King George III. The property also stood witness to events in the Civil War. A "drill field" or muster ground is said to have existed at Walnut Hill during the war, located on the low ground along Flat Creek at the southeast end of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Historical and Architectural Significance</h2><br>
<p>Walnut Hill is surrounded by fields and meadows and is near Flat Creek. The property is somewhat hidden to passersby as it is surrounded by woods. The one and on half-story dwelling was built in several sections starting in 1802. The oldest section is a log dwelling with an internal gable-end stone chimney and is now the south wing. Before 1820, a two-room-plan frame addition was built onto the north end of the log dwelling; this became the main or front section of the house. The building reflects many evolutionary changes throughout its existence. These modifications are evident by the changing roof lines throughout these divisions. Smaller wings and porches that had been added on were later removed in a restoration/rehabilitation effort lasting from 1948 to 1950.</p><br>
<p>Walnut Hill displays Georgian style interior finishes. It contains substantial architectural features dating from 1802 to the 1900s. Early sections of the house display standard wooden floorboards, plaster over split lath walls, and ceilings attached with cut nails (some reinforcing wire nails). Both the exposed stonework, fireplace, and the arch are painted white and framed by a Georgian architrave mantel. Most of the woodwork was redone in the 20th century. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse, chicken house, kitchen chimney, and family cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Funerary Significance</h2><br>
<p>Twenty-three family members are buried in the Moorman-Leftwich Cemetery which is located on the property. The rectangular cemetery is surrounded by a rough stone wall and sits on a steep-sided ridge above the house. Many of the headstones are also accompanied a footstone. The style of the 18th-century headstones seems more like what is found in North Carolina cemeteries than those of similar date in Virginia. The cemetery is notable for its cantilever style and for the artistry of the monuments it contains. These appear to be done by a competent professional, but the stonemason is unknown.</p><br>
<h2>Walnut Hill family history</h2><br>
<p>The house was original constructed for Samuel Moorman (ca. 1771-1835) and his wife Judith Clark Moorman (ca. 1774-1868) after their marriage in 1796. Samuel&#39;s family, originally Quaker, into what is now Campbell County in the mid-1700s. He purchased 450 acres of property from the Goggin family. In 1805 he purchased an additional 60 acres from his brother-in-law Micajah who lived on adjoining tracts. Samuel and Judith raised ten children to adulthood. Judith outlived Samuel by 33 years, leaving the land to her daughter Lucy and her husband, Joel Breckenridge Leftwich. The land has been in ownership of the Leftwich family since then.</p><br>
<p>Joel Breckenridge Leftwich Sr, was a member of the Campbell County in the Virginia Legislature 1859–1860. He also played a role in the Civil War as Colonel of Reserves. For his service as Sabbath School Superintendent, a plaque was placed at White&#39;s United Methodist Church, English Tavern Road in Campbell County. He left Walnut hill to his son William Edward Leftwich (1852-1913).</p><br>
<p>Blenheim is a historic home located near Spring Mills, in Campbell County, Virginia. It was built about 1828, and is a -story, five-bay, single-pile, frame I-house dwelling on a brick basement. It is sheathed with beaded weatherboards and covered with a standing-seam sheet metal roof broken by three pedimented dormers. The interior features elaborate, provincially conceived but skillfully executed, woodwork. Also on the property is a contributing late-19th century frame stable.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, with a boundary increase in 1994.</p><br>
